![]() ![]() These synesthetic brain activation patterns are likely the result of altered brain connectivity. Synesthetic color experiences are commonly associated with activity within sensory brain regions together with parietal and frontal cortex areas known to be crucial for feature integration. While synesthesia runs in families and seems to be at least partly under genetic control it is genetically heterogeneous. The prevalence of synesthesia has been estimated to be about 4% in the general population. A computerized version of this consistency test reliably differentiates synesthetes from non-synesthetes. always mint green for the letter “N”, even if re-assessed after years. It is gold standard to verify sequence-color synesthesia using an objective test, where synethetes, in contrast to non-synesthetes, typically report highly consistent colors for each inducing stimulus, e.g. Third, the vividness (sensory-like quality) of the synesthetic sensations and fourth, their automatic and involuntary occurrence. ![]() Second, consistency of the synesthetic sensations for instance, the color evoked by a certain letter should always be the same. Four main characteristics define developmental (in contrast to acquired or pharmacologically induced) synesthesia. One of the most common synesthesia types is sequence-color synesthesia where linguistic sequences such as letters, numbers, or weekdays induce sensations of color. Synesthesia is a sensory condition where certain sensory stimuli lead to additional, internally generated (concurrent) sensations within the same or a different sensory modality. Additionally, this case impressively illustrates how synesthesia can be a key element not only of sensory perception but also social and emotional processing and contributes to existing evidence of increased brain connectivity in association with synesthesia. It provides new insights into the possible manifestations of synesthesia in individuals with ASD and its potential contribution to prodigious talents in people with an otherwise unexceptional cognitive profile. Taken together, this case study endorses the notion of a link between synesthesia, prodigious talent and autism, adding to the currently still sparse literature in this field. An electroencephalography experiment investigating synesthetic color and shape sensations while listening to music showed a negligible occipital alpha suppression, indicating that these internally generated synesthetic sensations derive from a different brain mechanism than when processing external visual information. The case presented with increased connectivity, especially between regions involved in visual and emotion processing, memory, and higher order associative binding regions. We investigated the young man’s structural brain connectivity in comparison to adults with or without ASD, applying global fiber tracking to diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. These color associations seem to aid categorization, differentiation and storage of information and might thereby contribute to the young man’s language acquisition ability. In our case, not only letters, numbers, spoken words, music, noises, weekdays and months lead to highly consistent, vivid color sensations but also his own and others’ emotions, geometric shapes, any mathematical symbol, and letters from an unfamiliar alphabet (Hebrew). Here we describe the case of a young transsexual man with Asperger Syndrome, synesthesia and a prodigious talent for foreign language acquisition. The condition occurs in about 4% of the general population, but is overrepresented in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), where it might also be associated with the presence of prodigious talents. Synesthesia is a sensory phenomenon where certain domain-specific stimuli trigger additional sensations of e.g. ![]()
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